BILIRUBIN TOTAL, DIRECT & INDIRECT: Evaluates liver excretion and bile pigment processing to screen for hemolysis, biliary duct obstruction, and clinical or subclinical jaundice.

SGPT / ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT): A key hepatic enzyme released into circulation during hepatocellular inflammation; essential for identifying acute or chronic liver injury.

SGOT / ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST): Quantifies intracellular enzyme levels to monitor tissue stress across the liver, heart, and skeletal muscles, evaluated alongside ALT as the AST/ALT De Ritis ratio.

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) & GGT: Biomarkers that assess intra- and extra-hepatic biliary flow, detecting cholestasis, bile duct inflammation, or gallbladder complications.

TOTAL PROTEIN, ALBUMIN & GLOBULIN: Measures hepatic synthetic function and oncotic pressure maintenance, highlighting chronic liver disease, malnutrition, or immune dysfunction through the calculated Albumin-to-Globulin (A:G) ratio.